Personal research project — paper-testing & tuning, not raising capital.
Beyond stablecoins · refused for live

Leverage loops, visualized

A leverage loop multiplies the yield by N — and the liquidation risk by N. Here is exactly what that means, and what it actually cost in our advisory lab: a real, dated liquidation tail. The desk refuses this for live capital.

RISK-CLASS C RISK-SHAPE · LIQUIDATION ADVISORY LAB ONLY NOT LIVE-ALLOCATED

What it is

Deposit → Borrow → Redeposit, ×N

Each turn of the loop stacks another layer of the same position on borrowed funds. N turns ≈ N× exposure: N× the yield, but also N× the sensitivity to a drop in the collateral price.

1

Deposit

Supply collateral (e.g. wstETH) to a lending market.

2

Borrow

Borrow a stablecoin against it, up to the LTV limit.

3

Redeposit

Swap back to collateral and supply again — repeat ×N.

Grows with N — the attractive side

yield

A 3rd turn can turn ~5% into a double-digit headline — that is the lure.

Grows with N — the dangerous side

liquidation risk

The same multiplier hits the tail. A smaller drop in the collateral price is enough to wipe the whole position.

The risk mechanic

Health factor & liquidation price

While the collateral value covers the debt with margin, the health factor is > 1. More turns → thinner margin → higher liquidation price → closer to the cliff. Example S73: a wstETH 2× loop on Aave v3, liquidation tail at 0.825 LTV.

Health factor 1.0 = liquidation
1.0 · cliff 1.2 · thin 1.6+ · safe

More turns slide the marker left, toward the cliff. At 1.0 the position is liquidated — the collateral is sold at a penalty and the loss is locked in. No kill switch can "undo" a liquidation that already fired.

What looping actually cost

The real, dated liquidation tail

source: static (committed scorecard)

This is not an illustration. It is the leverage_loop row from the honest multi-metric scorecard of our advisory lab — the headline yield next to the tail it paid for.

Headline APY (the lure)

15.0%

What the loop advertises.

Backtest realized (the truth)

-8.95%

2024-07 → 2026-05: the return was negative. Sharpe ≈ -0.67.

Max drawdown

-27.94%

Realized peak-to-trough in the backtest.

SEVERE TAIL 2025-10 USDe leverage unwind

Worst liquidation tail (stress)

-35.22%

During the USDe leverage-unwind window (October 2025) — the dated, worst test for the loop — the in-sample drawdown reached -13.02%, and the modeled shock crashed the position by ~35% and did not recover. That is the price the loop paid for its 15% headline.

Why this is class C

The headline yield is risk-compensation: the market pays more precisely because it carries a liquidation tail. Class C labels this honestly — the yield is not "free edge," it is payment for a tail that sometimes arrives — as it did here.

The desk's stance

We refuse this for live capital

Property Value What it means
Lives in ADVISORY AGGRESSIVE LAB Paper-only. Shown so the owner can SEE the risk — not for allocation.
Live allocation NEVER outside_riskpolicy=true, live_eligible=false. Never touches the $100k go-live track.
Risk class C Risk-compensation — yield = payment for the liquidation tail.
Promotion to live OWNER + CUSTODY GATED Even a "select" under SPA_AGGRESSIVE_LAB_SELECT allocates nothing — requires an explicit owner + custody decision.

What the desk holds instead

The desk's live capital is ~4.5% stablecoin lending with no open liquidation risk. Leverage loops are something we assess in the advisory lab, eyes open on the tail — and do not hold.

⚠ Personal Research Project: SPA is a personal research project in paper validation and tuning. Not a regulated financial service. Not raising capital. Not investment advice.

Paper Trading Disclosure: All performance data reflects simulated trading on a virtual $100,000 USDC portfolio. Current paper APY: ~3.6% (variable, not a forecast). Simulated performance does not account for live slippage, liquidity impact, or smart contract execution risk. We reset our own track: only days with a real cycle log count (currently 10/30, anchor 2026-06-22). Go-live target: ~2026-07-21 — contingent on GoLiveChecker 29/29 (currently 27/29 NOT READY). See /track-record.

Not a Regulated Service: SPA is a personal research project at the paper-testing stage. This does not constitute investment advice, financial advice, or a solicitation to invest in any jurisdiction. Consult qualified professionals before making investment decisions.

DeFi-specific risks: Smart contract vulnerabilities and exploits · Protocol insolvency · Stablecoin de-pegging · Oracle manipulation · Regulatory actions · Technology failure. Funds in DeFi protocols are not covered by any investor compensation scheme.